In-situ water harvesting

 In situ water harvesting means harvesting rainwater where it falls in soil profile. Soil and water conservation measures fall under this category. The semi -arid and arid areas where water is scarce, mainly rely on rainfed agriculture. Therefore, in these areas, there is an urgent need to develop rainwater management skills suiting local conditions to improve water use efficiency and increase productivity. These innovative in situ water conservation techniques combine the advantages of water harvesting and mulching and thus have the potential to reduce total runoff and soil evaporation considerably. This leads to increase in crop productivity due to increased plantavailable water in rainfed areas. The following soil moisture conservation techniques are generally used under rainfed conditions.

a. Contour bunding

b. Bench terracing

c. Contour trenching

d. Nala bunding

e. Contour vegetative barriers

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