Group Development

  As groups develop over time, group dynamic processes evolve. In this context, we can mention a well-known model by Tuckman (1963), which is known as stage model. The stages are:

i) forming,

ii) storming,

iii) norming and

iv) performing.

There is also the widely used model by Garland, Jones and Kolody (1976) Here the five significant stages are:

i) Pre-affiliation: Should be affected to the group.

ii) Power and control: Should be able to have some influences over the other members.

iii) Intimacy: There must be certain closeness and intimacy.

iv) Differentiation: The group members should be able to differentiate their personal goals from group goals

v) Separation: This refers to each influence having a separate identity despite being part of the group.

Beginning stages of group development are characterised by the formation of group dynamics. Members interact tentatively, establishing norms, roles and status hierarchies and ultimately a group culture slowly emerges through interaction. At first, interaction is tentative and cautious and there exists little conflict. After that members become more comfortable resistance can develop. After that members want to become a part of the group but at the same time group members maintain their own identity and independence. Many factors affect group development. Structural characteristics have an important impact on group development.

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