Difference between independent and dependent variable

  An independent variable or stimulus variable (as Underwood calls it) is that factor manipulated or selected by the experimenter in his attempt to ascertain its relationship to an observed phenomenon.

Dependent upon the mode of manipulation, some experts have tried to divide the independent variable into ‘Type E’ independent variable and ‘Type S’ independent variable (D’Amato, 1970). Type E independent variable is one of which is directly or experimentally manipulated by the experimental and type S independent variable is one which is manipulated through the process of selection only.

A dependent variable is the factor that appears, disappears, or varies as the experimenter introduces, removes or varies the independent variable. (Townsend,1953). The dependent variable is a measure of the behaviour of the subject. The dependent variable is the response that the person or animal makes. This response is generally measured using at least one of several different dimensions (Alberto & Troutman 2006). The dimensions are – (a) frequency – Number of times that a particular behaviour occurs, ( b) duration - the amount of time that a behaviour lasts. (c) latency –the amount of time between and when the behaviour is actually performed (d) force – the intensity or strength of a behaviour.

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