Define collective bargaining in your own words. Critically evaluate the state of collective bargaining in the present day business scenario. Explain with examples your answer giving due details of the organizations and the sources you are referring to.

 Collective bargaining is a process whereby a group of employees, represented by a labor union or other organization, negotiates with their employer or a group of employers to establish terms and conditions of employment, including wages, benefits, and working conditions.

The state of collective bargaining in the present-day business scenario varies depending on the country, industry, and organization. In some countries, collective bargaining is widely practiced and protected by law, while in others, it is more limited or even prohibited. Similarly, some industries have a strong tradition of collective bargaining, while others do not.

In recent years, there has been a decline in the number of workers covered by collective bargaining agreements in some countries, particularly in the private sector. Factors contributing to this decline include globalization, technological change, and shifts in the balance of power between labor and capital.

However, collective bargaining continues to play an important role in many organizations and industries. For example, in the United States, collective bargaining agreements cover approximately 14% of the private sector workforce and 37% of the public sector workforce. In countries such as Germany and Scandinavia, collective bargaining is deeply ingrained in the industrial relations system and is seen as a key factor in promoting social partnership and cooperation between employers and workers.

One example of an organization that values collective bargaining is the German automaker Volkswagen. In the 1990s, Volkswagen entered into a groundbreaking agreement with the IG Metall union that established a works council and gave employees a greater voice in company decision-making. The agreement has been credited with helping to improve productivity, quality, and labor relations at the company.

On the other hand, there are also examples of organizations that have resisted or tried to weaken collective bargaining. For example, in the United States, some employers have engaged in aggressive anti-union tactics, such as hiring union-busting consultants or using legal and administrative procedures to delay or obstruct union organizing efforts. In some countries, governments have passed laws that restrict the ability of unions to engage in collective bargaining or impose limits on the terms of collective agreements.

In conclusion, collective bargaining remains an important mechanism for negotiating the terms and conditions of employment in many organizations and industries. While the state of collective bargaining varies depending on the country, industry, and organization, it continues to be a key factor in promoting social partnership and cooperation between employers and workers. However, it also faces challenges and resistance from some employers and governments, which may hinder its effectiveness and undermine workers' rights.

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